{"id":124,"date":"2024-03-28T03:06:56","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T00:06:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/mesru-mudafaa-nedir-tck-25\/"},"modified":"2024-03-28T03:06:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T00:06:56","slug":"mesru-mudafaa-nedir-tck-25","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/mesru-mudafaa-nedir-tck-25\/","title":{"rendered":"Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa nedir (TCK 25)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>, bir kimsenin kendisini yada bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan h\u00fccum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, m\u00fcdafa amac\u0131yla ve sald\u0131rgana kar\u015f\u0131 bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 defedecek seviyede kuvvet kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun (TCK<\/a>) 25. maddesine nazaran\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0halinde gerek kendisine ve gerek ba\u015fkas\u0131na ili\u015fik bir hakka y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi yada tekrar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan haks\u0131z bir sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 o andaki ko\u015fullara nazaran h\u00fccum ile orant\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde defetmek zorunlulu\u011fu ile i\u015flenen fiillerden dolay\u0131\u00a0faile ceza verilmez.<\/p>\n

Ceza hukukuna nazaran nazaran\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafa<\/strong>, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte olan, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi muhakkak olan yada tekrar\u0131 muhakkak olan sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n

Sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan \u015fah\u0131s, organik olarak tepki olarak bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla bir harekette bulunur. Hukuk d\u00fczeni de bu \u015fekilde bir tepkiyi hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bundan dolay\u0131 h\u00fccum hukuk d\u00fczeninin korumak istedi\u011fi bir hakk\u0131 ihlal etmeye y\u00f6nelmekte ve bu \u015fekilde bir sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 savu\u015fturma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015finin fiili ise hukukun amac\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bundan dolay\u0131\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0halinde, kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlara uygun olarak i\u015flenen eylem hukuka uygun kabul edilir ve herhangi bir sorumlulu\u011fu gerektirmez.<\/p>\n

Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0durumunda, halen mevcut bir sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 defetmek amac\u0131yla i\u015flenen eylem, d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc itibariyle tipik bir fiilidir. Sadece bu eylem, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte olan bir sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve ba\u015fka \u015fekilde korunamayacak bir hakk\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla i\u015flendi\u011fi i\u00e7in hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu ama\u00e7 me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaan\u0131n bir\u00a0hukuka uygunluk sebebi\u00a0olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa \u015fartlar\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

TCK\u2019n\u0131n 25. maddenin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer edinen me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaan\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131; sald\u0131r\u0131ya ili\u015fkin \u015fartlar ve savunmaya ili\u015fkin \u015fartlar olmak suretiyle ikiye ay\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaan\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131ya ili\u015fkin \u015fartlar\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 25. maddesine nazaran me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaan\u0131n ilk \u015fart\u0131, bir sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ortada h\u00fccum te\u015fkil eden bir davran\u0131\u015f yoksa me\u015fru savunmadan da s\u00f6z edilemez. Sald\u0131r\u0131dan maksat, ki\u015finin hukuken korunan de\u011ferlerine zarar verme tehlikesi bulunan yada zarar veren iradi insan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n, kasti ya da taksirli olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na nazaran h\u00fccum maddi \u00f6zellikte bir eylem \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekti\u011finden, mahiyetleri gere\u011fi maddi \u00f6zellikte olmayan, mesela hakaret<\/a> ve s\u00f6vme \u015feklinde s\u00f6zl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 me\u015fru m\u00fcdafa <\/strong>olmaz.<\/li>\n
  2. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 25. maddesine nazaran bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n h\u00fccum olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ek olarak haks\u0131z olmas\u0131 gerekir. Fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitinde t\u00fcm hukuk d\u00fczeni g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur. Hukuk d\u00fczeninin izin vermedi\u011fi bir eylem, haks\u0131zd\u0131r ve maddi kalite ta\u015f\u0131mak ve ki\u015finin hukuken korunan bir k\u0131ymetini ihlal etmek kayd\u0131yla sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 kafi olup, ek olarak\u00a0su\u00e7<\/a>\u00a0te\u015fkil etmesi gerekmez.<\/li>\n
  3. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 25. maddesine nazaran\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0i\u00e7in bir di\u011fer \u015fart sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131 yada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ya da tekrar\u0131n\u0131n kati olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte olan, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi yada tekrar\u0131 muhakkak olan sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 me\u015fru savunmada bulunulabilir. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na nazaran ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f yada bitmi\u015f bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 me\u015fru savunmadan s\u00f6z edilemez. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na nazaran hemen hemen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemekle birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi yada bitmekle beraber tekrar\u0131 muhakkak olan bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bundan dolay\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya son verip ka\u00e7an bir kimsenin arkas\u0131ndan giderek ate\u015f etmek,\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. Hemen hemen ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f, gelecekteki olas\u0131 bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilemez.<\/li>\n
  4. H\u00fccum insan kaynakl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sadece sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunan ki\u015finin kusur kabiliyeti olmas\u0131 mecburi de\u011fildir. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na nazaran, ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 yada ya\u015f\u0131 ufak olmas\u0131 sebebiyle kusur kabiliyetine haiz olmayanlar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da\u00a0me\u015fru savunma<\/em>\u00a0m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Hayvan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, hayvan insano\u011flu taraf\u0131nca vas\u0131ta olarak kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, bir h\u00fccum olarak nitelendirilemez.<\/li>\n
  5. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 25. maddesine nazaran h\u00fccum ki\u015filere ili\u015fik herhangi bir hakka y\u00f6nelik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u015fah\u0131s gerek kendisinin gerekse ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n herhangi bir hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak meydana gelen sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaada bulunabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/span>Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaada s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131-m\u00fcdafaya ili\u015fkin \u015fartlar<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

    M\u00fcdafa, yaln\u0131zca sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ve sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, do\u011frusu yaln\u0131zca sald\u0131ran\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesi sonucunu do\u011furdu\u011funda\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0olur.<\/p>\n

    1- Savunman\u0131n me\u015fru olabilmesinin ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ilki m\u00fcdafa zorunlulu\u011funun olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Zorunluluktan maksat, sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 m\u00fcdafa niteli\u011findeki hareketleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeksizin uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    2- H\u00fccum ile bunu savu\u015fturmaya y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdafa i\u00e7inde orant\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaan\u0131n di\u011fer \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Orant\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konu\u015f olur. Bu \u015fart, savunman\u0131n me\u015frulu\u011funun esas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na nazaran \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck halinde\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/em>\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

    H\u00fccum ve savunmada kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar ile h\u00fccum ve savunman\u0131n y\u00f6neldi\u011fi hukuki de\u011ferler i\u00e7inde bir orant\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulabilirse de bunlar m\u00fcdafa ile sald\u0131r\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki orant\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde kati bir kanaate g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez.<\/p>\n

    <\/span>M\u00fcdafaya ili\u015fkin \u015fartlar<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Savunmada kullan\u0131lan vas\u0131ta ile sald\u0131r\u0131da kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar aras\u0131ndaki orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k daima savunman\u0131n me\u015fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmaz. Mesela bir bayan fiziki kuvvet kullanarak cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunan bir adam\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, b\u0131\u00e7ak yada tabanca kullanarak uzakla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu \u00f6rnekte ne ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7inde ne de mevzular i\u00e7inde bir orant\u0131 vard\u0131r. Somut vakada m\u00fcdafa hareketi, sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 defedecek seviyede ise m\u00fcdafa me\u015frudur. Kad\u0131n\u0131n namusuna y\u00f6nelik bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 somut vakaya nazaran sald\u0131rgan\u0131 yaralayarak yada \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekli ise meydana getirilen m\u00fcdafa me\u015fru kabul edilmelidir. Elindeki \u00e7antay\u0131 zorla almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sald\u0131rgan\u0131n kolunu suretiyle mal\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfeden ki\u015finin bu m\u00fcdafa hareketi de h\u00e2l ve \u015fartlara nazaran \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc kabul edilebilecektir.<\/p>\n

    Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir h\u00fccum s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bunun bununla birlikte bir ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokan bir h\u00fccum \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, sald\u0131rgan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong>\u00a0olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. Miktar\u0131 ve k\u0131ymeti ne olursa olsun mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131ymeti, bir ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131 pahas\u0131na korunacak bir k\u0131ymet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

    Burada m\u00fchim olan, savunmada kullan\u0131lan arac\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya kafi gelecek seviyede kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Savunmada bulunan \u015fah\u0131s, m\u00fcdafa esnas\u0131nda \u00f6zenli davranmam\u0131\u015fsa savunmada s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 taksirle a\u015fm\u0131\u015f olur ve bu durumda TCK 27\/1 f\u0131kras\u0131na nazaran hareket edilmelidir.\u00a0Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa\u00a0<\/strong>\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc korku, co\u015fku ya da tela\u015f sebebiyle a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa faile kusuru bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ceza verilemez (TCK m. 27\/2)<\/p>\n

    3- Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaada bulunan \u015fah\u0131s, bu hukuka uygunluk sebebinin maddi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finin de bilincinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlar somut vakada esasen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi h\u00e2lde, bu \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi zann\u0131yla hareket eden ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi\u00a0su\u00e7\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kast\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilemez. E\u011fer bu eylem\u00a0taksirle i\u015flendi\u011finde de cezaland\u0131r\u0131labiliyorsa, bundan g\u00f6revli tutulur (TCK m. 30\/1). Ek olarak\u00a0me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0bir hukuka uygunluk sebebi oldu\u011fundan, me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaada bulunan \u015fah\u0131s, sald\u0131ran\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131na yada mallar\u0131na verdi\u011fi zarardan g\u00f6revli tutulamaz (TBK m. 63-64).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa, bir kimsenin kendisini yada bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan h\u00fccum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, m\u00fcdafa amac\u0131yla ve sald\u0131rgana kar\u015f\u0131 bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 defedecek seviyede kuvvet kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":64,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceza-hukuku","tag-mesru-mudafamesru-mudafa-nedirmudafa-nedir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/media\/64"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}