{"id":106,"date":"2024-03-28T03:05:50","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T00:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/ise-iade-konusunda-sikca-sorulan-sorulara-kisa-hatirlatmalar\/"},"modified":"2024-03-28T03:05:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T00:05:50","slug":"ise-iade-konusunda-sikca-sorulan-sorulara-kisa-hatirlatmalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/ise-iade-konusunda-sikca-sorulan-sorulara-kisa-hatirlatmalar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015eE \u0130ADE KONUSUNDA SIK\u00c7A SORULAN SORULARA KISA HATIRLATMALAR"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n

\t
\n \t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0130stanbul Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 18, 19, 20 ve 21. maddeleri i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi konusundaki temel d\u00fczenlemeleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r, ancak i\u015f g\u00fcvencesini d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmler bunlardan ibaret de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n
bir\u00e7ok maddesi ve \u00f6zellikle de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi
d\u00fczenleyen 22. madde, i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 nedenle derhal fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 25. madde ve toplu i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 29. madde de i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi ile yak\u0131ndan ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Sendikalar Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fyeri sendika temsilcilerinin teminat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 30. Maddesi ile sendikaya \u00fcye olup olmama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen 31. maddesinin de konu ile ilgisini unutmamak gerekir. 5953 say\u0131l\u0131 Bas\u0131n \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 116. maddesi de bas\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcvence kapsam\u0131na alan \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvencesinden yararlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde sayabiliriz;<\/p>\n

1. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131 veya 5953 say\u0131l\u0131 Bas\u0131n \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
2. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015f\u00e7i olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
3. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fverenin ayn\u0131 i\u015f kolunda 30 veya daha fazla i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
4. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131demi ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde kesintili de olsa 6 aydan az olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
5. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fletmenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc sevk ve idare eden i\u015fveren vekili veya yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
6. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fyerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc sevk ve idare eden ve i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015fe alma ve i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi bulunan i\u015fveren vekili niteli\u011finde bir i\u015f\u00e7i olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ko\u015fullar, dava ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r. Ko\u015flar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan i\u015f\u00e7inin a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe iade davas\u0131nda i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilmeden dava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekir. Ko\u015fullar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan i\u015f\u00e7inin a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe iade davas\u0131nda ise i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilerek feshin ge\u00e7erli sebeple yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak saptanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7erli fesih sebepleri \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 18. maddesinde genel ifadelerle \u015fu \u015fekilde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/p>\n

1. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin yetersizli\u011finden kaynaklanan sebepler.
2. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan sebepler.
3. \u0130\u015fletmenin, i\u015fyerinin veya i\u015fin gereklerinden kaynaklanan sebepler.<\/p>\n

Kural olarak ge\u00e7erli sebebin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde i\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131n reddi gerekir. Ancak baz\u0131 bi\u00e7im ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde, ge\u00e7erli sebep olsa dahi i\u015fe iadeye karar verilecektir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, i\u015f\u00e7inin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya verimsizli\u011fi nedeniyle yap\u0131lan fesihlerde i\u015f\u00e7inin mutlaka savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (\u0130\u015f Kn. md. 19\/1).<\/p>\n

Bu nedenlerle yap\u0131lan fesihlerde i\u015f\u00e7inin savunmas\u0131 al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f ise yarg\u0131c\u0131n i\u015fin esas\u0131na girmeden sadece savunma al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in feshin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fine ve i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe iadesine karar vermesi gerekir. Yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7 adet ge\u00e7erli sebepten biri nedeniyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini fesheden i\u015fveren fesih bildirimini yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yapmak ve sebebini a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin bir \u015fekilde belirtmek zorundad\u0131r (\u0130\u015f Kn. md. 19\/1).<\/p>\n

Somut olayda ge\u00e7erli sebep olsa dahi, i\u015fveren feshi yaz\u0131l\u0131 yapmam\u0131\u015f ise veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte fesih sebebini a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin olarak belirtmemi\u015fse yarg\u0131c\u0131n i\u015fin esas\u0131na girmeden feshin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fine ve i\u015fe iadeye karar vermesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu arada hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir husus da \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 25. maddesindeki i\u015fverene hakl\u0131 nedenle derhal fesih hakk\u0131 veren sebeplerden dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan fesihlerde de i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fudur. Hemen belirtelim ki, 25\/II\u2019ye g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan fesihlerde i\u015f\u00e7inin savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi (\u0130\u015f Kn. md. 19\/2), feshin yaz\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve fesih sebebinin a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin olarak belirtilmesi zorunlulu\u011fu da yoktur (\u0130\u015f Kn. md.25\/son).<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131n fesih bildiriminden itibaren bir ayl\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu olup (\u0130\u015f Kn. md. 20\/1), yarg\u0131c\u0131n bir dava ko\u015fulu olan bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcreyi resen ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcresinde a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131rsa, ba\u015fka hususlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan i\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131n reddine karar vermesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131 sonucunda feshin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu karar\u0131 verilir ise, i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe iade davas\u0131ndan elde edebilece\u011fi herhangi bir \u015fey yoktur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i fesih tarihi itibariyle ge\u00e7erli feshin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, varsa alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilecektir. Bu husus \u00f6zellikle feshin ge\u00e7erli ancak haks\u0131z oldu\u011fu bir durumda daha da \u00f6nem kazanacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7erli ancak haks\u0131z fesihlerde i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131 hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kesinle\u015fen i\u015fe iade karar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine tebli\u011finden itibaren i\u015f\u00e7inin (veya vekilinin) 10 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde i\u015fe ba\u015flamak amac\u0131yla i\u015fverene ba\u015fvuru yapmas\u0131 zorunludur. Bu ba\u015fvurunun yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde fesih ge\u00e7erli hale gelecek ve hukuksal sonu\u00e7lar ge\u00e7erli feshe g\u00f6re do\u011facakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00fcresinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvuruya i\u015fveren de bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde cevap vererek i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015fe davet ederse i\u015f\u00e7i buna uymak zorundad\u0131r. Davete uymayarak i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde yine ge\u00e7erli feshin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131 kazanan i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde fesih ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelmi\u015f demektir ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrenin 4 ayl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denmesi gerekir. Bu durumda fesih ge\u00e7ersiz hale geldi\u011finden, i\u015f\u00e7iye daha \u00f6nceden ihbar ve k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 \u00f6demesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra bunlar\u0131 iade etmesi gerekecektir. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin de 4 ayl\u0131k \u00fccret alaca\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, 4 ayl\u0131k \u00fccret ile bu tazminatlar mahsup i\u015flemine tabi tutulacak ve bor\u00e7lu kalan taraf borcunu kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa \u00f6deyecektir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131 kazanan i\u015f\u00e7inin yasal s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisindeki ba\u015fvurusuna ra\u011fmen i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde ise i\u015f\u00e7iye hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131 \u00f6denecek ve hem de i\u015fe ba\u015flatmama (i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi) tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denecektir. \u00dccreti \u00f6denen 4 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u015f\u00e7inin ihbar ve k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ile senelik izin hesab\u0131nda da dikkate al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131ndan, i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fecek, ihbar tazminat\u0131 fark\u0131 ile senelik izin
\u00fccreti fark\u0131 da do\u011fabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu arada hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, fesih an\u0131nda veya fesihten sonraki bir ayl\u0131k i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde i\u015f\u00e7inin \u201ci\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki feragat beyan\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli bir feragat olarak kabul edilmemesi gerekir . Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de bu y\u00f6ndedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fe iade davalar\u0131 sonucunda ihbar tazminat\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olan di\u011fer unsur ise zaman i\u00e7erisinde \u00fccretin artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 halidir. \u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131 sonucunda i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmayan i\u015f\u00e7inin hangi tarihteki \u00fccretinin ihbar tazminat\u0131na esas olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00f6\u011fretide g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi vard\u0131r ve Yarg\u0131tay da bu konuda \u00f6\u011freti g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeki gibi i\u015fe ba\u015flatmama tarihindeki \u00fccretin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kararlar vermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk derece mahkemesince yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama, toplanan deliller ve bilirki\u015fi raporu birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; daval\u0131 i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fe iade karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi \u00fczerine usul\u00fcne uygun olarak ve s\u00fcresinde yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuruya ra\u011fmen davac\u0131y\u0131 i\u015fe ba\u015flatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle i\u015fverenin mahkemece belirlenen bo\u015fta ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre \u00fccreti, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ve ihbar tazminat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk derece mahkemesince k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ve ihbar tazminat y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hesaplamaya esas al\u0131nan \u00fccretin fesih tarihinde bordroda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u00fccret esas al\u0131narak, asgari \u00fccrete orant\u0131lanarak tespitinde herhangi bir isabetsizlik bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Daval\u0131 vekilinin bu konulardaki istinaf sebebi yerinde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 i\u00e7in faiz ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe ba\u015flatmama yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen fesih tarihi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lan fesih tarihinden faiz y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi do\u011fru olmaz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130stanbul Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 18, 19, 20 ve 21. maddeleri i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi konusundaki temel d\u00fczenlemeleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r, ancak i\u015f g\u00fcvencesini d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmler bunlardan ibaret [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":64,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yargitay-kararlari","tag-gecerli-fesih-sebeplerihakli-fesih-sebepleriis-davasiise-baslatmamaise-iadeise-iade-konusu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/media\/64"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismailbor.av.tr\/jsonlar\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}